第36卷第4期
非金属矿
1.36No.4
2013年7月
Non-metallic Mines
July, 2013
低甲醛脲醛-石膏-膨润土基玉米
缓释肥的制备
李娜”邓跃全董发勤李丽君马春雪
1西南科技大学材料学院,四川绵阳621010;2聞体废物处理与资源化省部共建教育部重点实验室,四川绵阳621010)
摘要以低甲脲醛和石膏的有机-无机复合物为粘结剂,与膨润土复配,形成缓释体系,根据玉米不同生长期对N、P、K的需要,合
理配比缓效魚肥(尿素石膏)速效肥(硫酸铵)磷素肥籵或钾素肥籵的用量,通过挤压混合反应,振动筛分,圆盘造粒一体化制备技术制备低
甲醛脲醛?石膏?膨润土基玉米专用缓释氩肥和缓释复合肥,分别用聚乙媂醇縮甲醛包膜(PVF),获得包膜
缓释肥和飽膜缓释复合肥;利用
沙柱连续淋溶法对缓释肥料中N、P、K、S4种养分的释放速率进行了测定,并与常规复合肥对比,结果表明其缓释性能良好。
关键词低甲醛脲醛石膏膨润土缓释肥玉米
中图分类号:TQ49.1文献标识码:A文章编号:10008098(2013)04005604
Preparation of Urea Formalldehyde-gypsum-bentonite Based Specialty Slowrelease Fertilizers for Corn
Li Na".Deng Yuequan Dong Faqin Li Lijun Ma Chunxue
(1 School of Materials, Southwest niversity of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010 2 The Ministry of Education Kcy Labora
tory of Solid Waste Disposal and Resource Builded by Province and the Ministry of Education, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010
Abstract Based on the compound of urea formaldehyde and gypsum as the binder and compound with bentonite, a slow-release system was got
and the reasonable amount of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(urea-gypsum), available nitrogen fertilizer(ammonium sulfate), phosphorus fertilizer
or potassium fertilizer were added in according to the demand for N, P, K in different rowth period of corn. Then through the extrusion mixing
reaction, creening and ralation, e inte ration preparation technology, urea formaldehyde- ypsum-bentonite based specialty slow release nitrogen
fertilizer and slow release compoun fe iizer for com were prepared Fe ilizers otae were a e with polyvinyl formal(PVF )respectively, and
corresponding coated fertilizers were got. Using the continuous leaching method, the release rates of N, P, K and S in slow release fertilizers were
determined and were compared with conentional mn ferilizer the results showed that the slow release properties of the fertilizers prepared by
the integration preparation technology were better
Key words urea formaldehyde gypsum bentonite slow release com
据统计,一般条件下肥料当季利用率中,氮肥为
膨润土可用于改良土壤,也可作为载体制备缓释
25%~40%,裤肥为10%~25%,钾肥为30%~50%,肥。本实验提出一种以低甲醛脲醛-石膏复合材料
肥料利用率较低,不仅造成资源浪费,同时污染环境为胶粘剂,与膨润土复配,形成绶释体系,合理配比缓
到。缓/
控释肥料能缓慢持久地释放植物生长必需效氮肥(尿素石膏)速效氮肥(硫酸铵)、礫索肥料或
的营养元素,具有利用率高、肥效长等特点。
钾素肥料的用量,通过挤压混合反应,振动筛分,圆盘
脲甲醛复合肥是尿素与甲醛在高温下缩合反应造粒一体化制备技术获得低甲醛脲醛-石膏-膨润土
生成混合胶体,再与磷肥或钾肥合成造粒形成的缓释基缓释肥料的方法,并采用淋溶法对制备的缓释肥料
复合肥,其生产工艺复杂,关键设备和工艺配套的研释放特性进行评价。
究相对薄弱,难以形成规模产业化。
1实验部分
石膏富含钙、硫,以及植物生长所必须的磷、镁、1.1原料
磷石膏,四川什邡金河磷矿,CaSO42H1O
铁、硅等营养元素。我国每年排放约3000万tエ业副质量分数为8.80%;膨润土,四川三台膨润土矿,其
产石膏,主要是磷石膏和脱硫石膏。
化学组成(%)为:SiO2,69.,65;Al2O3,17,65;MgO
5.13;CaO,3.77;Fe2O3,2.45;K230,0.69;TO2,0.25:
收稿日期:2013-05-07
SO3,0.13;Na2,O,0.1l;P2Os,0.06;BaO,0.03;ZrO2
基金项目:教育部固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室开放基金
0.02。尿素,四川金象化工产业集团股份有限公司,
通讯作者,E-mai:lina851106163.com。
分析纯;甲醛,重庆茂业化学试剂有限公司,分析纯;
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