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Section Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析单元语法精析夯基提能作业夯基提能作业单元语法精析单元语法精析语法点拨一、关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语1when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together.我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)We still remember the days (that/which) we spent together.我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语)2where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point (地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down.这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw an interesting play.他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year.去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)The house(that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old.我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)3why的用法why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。I have come around to explain the reason why(for which) I was absent from the meeting.我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。This is the reason why he was late.这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语)Please tell me the reason (that/which) he explained to you.请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)4the way作先行词首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。The way (that/which) he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in which，that或省略。This is the way (that/in which) he learns English.这就是他学习英语的方法。单句改错I often think of the days when we spent on the island together._There are some reasons which they do this._whenwhich/that或删除when先行词为the days，代入定语从句中作spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which，that或者省略。在which前加for或whichwhy先行词为some reasons，代入定语从句后为they do this for some reasons，因此用why或者for which引导定语从句。I hope I can be admitted to a good college, which I will have a chance to improve my English further._The first thing I would say is that the way which you begin the conversation is very important._在which前加in或whichwhere先行词为a good college，代入非限制性定语从句后为.improve my English further in the college，因此用where引导，或使用in which。在which前加in或whichthat或删除which先行词是the way，代入到定语从句中充当方式状语，因此在which前加in，或which改为that，或删除which。The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere which his employees enjoy their work._在which前加in或whichwhere先行词为atmosphere，代入定语从句后为his employees enjoy their work in this atmosphere，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可采用“介词关系代词”的方式。因此用where或者in which。This is the museum where you visited the other day._Have you ever been to Wuhan, where I left 5 years ago?_wherethat/which或删除where关系词指代先行词museum，在定语从句中充当visited的宾语。wherewhich引导词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，引导词在从句中充当left的宾语且不能省去。二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指物，只能用which。It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。Ill never forget the day on which (when) I first met you.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。This is the town in which (where) Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。I forgot the exact place to which (where) I had paid a visit.我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。Theres no reason for which (why) we can betray our friends.我们没有理由背叛朋友。Id like you to explain the reason for which(why) you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。“名词/代词/数词/最高级of关系代词”结构比如：none/some/several/a few/many/more/most/two/the biggest of which/whom等。The journey around the world would take the sailor nine months, the sailing time of which (of which the sailing time) was 226 days.环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。Here are the questions, none of which (of which none) I thought are difficult for you.就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。Present at the meeting were almost experts on AI, most of whom (of whom most) were male.出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。2关系代词前介词的选用(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。Close friends are those to whom you feel so close that it is hard to imagine life without them.密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。(feel close to)Charity is the cause to which he is devoted.慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be devoted to)(2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。This is the farm on which he works.这就是他工作的农场。(on the farm)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。有些“动词(名词)介词”的固定搭配，如look for，look after，call on，take care of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。My youngest brother, after whom I have to look, is very naughty.()My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is very naughty.()用“介词关系代词”填空Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.解析：先行词是
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