公共课英语一模拟题2020年(357).doc

公共课英语一模拟题2020年(357) (总分-15,考试时间60分钟) 阅读理解 During the past two decades astonishing progress has been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malaria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made. Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries—1. 2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable economic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades; the first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s. However, since then, restraints on drivers and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New Yorks roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its stated goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make roads in the rich world safer still. Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must see deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of rich countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries of their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the kill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP. 1. 1.The underlined word "epidemic"(Para 1, Line 3)may be closest to______. A. polio B. malaria C. disease D. death 2. 2.According to Paragraph 2, which one is true? A. Car accidents cause more death in poor countries. B. Car crashes mainly happen in developed countries. C. Road crashes kill more people than any disease in the world. D. The victims of car crashes mostly come from middle-class families. 3. 3.All the following can reduce road deaths EXCEPT______. A. new technology B. investment in safety C. restrictions on drivers D. building of new roads 4. 4.We can conclude from the last paragraph that______. A. most victims of car accidents are adolescents B. building roads is unaffordable in poor countries C. road crashes cost most countries much of their GDP D. if roads are safer in poor countries, economy may be better 5. 5.The best title for the text may be______. A. Road Crashes; Hard to Prevent B. Road: Bringing Growth or Death C. The Unnoticed Infectious Disease D. The Most Serious Problem in Poor Countries It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards had finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and beefed up their feeble corporate governance, a new problem threatens to earn them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bosss agenda in businesses of every variety. Such contented self-satisfaction may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. "Boards should pay as much attention to these IT operational risks as they do to other operational risks in the firm," argues George Westerman of the MIT Sloan School of Management. After all, boards have audit committees and compensation committees. It may be time for a data-protection committee, he argues. Bosses must ensure that there are effective data risk-management processes in place, be aware of their greatest vulnerabilities and promote a corporate culture that acknowledges data risks rather than hides them. But the problem is often a lack of understanding by senior managers not just of technology but of business processes, says Thomas Parenty, author of Digital Defense: What You Should Know